Reactions of β-carotene with cigarette smoke oxidants. Identification of carotenoid oxidation products and evaluation of the prooxidant/antioxidant effect
Abstract
An experimentally simple and inexpensive catalyst system was developed for the amidation of aryl halides by using 0.2-10 mol % of Cul, 5-20 mol % of a 1,2-diamine ligand, and K3PO4, K2CO3, or Cs2CO3 as base. Catalyst systems based on N, N′-dimethylethylenediamine or trans-N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine were found to be the most active even though several other 1,2-diamine ligands could be used in the easiest cases. Aryl iodides, bromides, and in some cases even aryl chlorides can be efficiently amidated. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in the reaction, including many that are not compatible with Pd-catalyzed amidation or amination methodology.
Publication Title
Chemical Research in Toxicology
Recommended Citation
Klapars, A., Huang, X., & Buchwald, S. (1999). Reactions of β-carotene with cigarette smoke oxidants. Identification of carotenoid oxidation products and evaluation of the prooxidant/antioxidant effect. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 12 (6), 535-543. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx980263v
