Towards detecting cocaine use using smartwatches in the NIDA clinical trials network: Design, rationale, and methodology

August F. Holtyn, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Eugene Bosworth, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Lisa A. Marsch, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 315, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
Bethany McLeman, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 315, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
Andrea Meier, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 315, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
Elizabeth C. Saunders, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 315, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
Emre Ertin, Ohio State University, 512 Dreese Lab, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Md Azim Ullah, Center of Excellence for Mobile Sensor Data-to-Knowledge (MD2K), The University of Memphis FedEx Institute of Technology, Suite 335, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
Shahin Alan Samiei, Center of Excellence for Mobile Sensor Data-to-Knowledge (MD2K), The University of Memphis FedEx Institute of Technology, Suite 335, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
Monowar Hossain, Center of Excellence for Mobile Sensor Data-to-Knowledge (MD2K), The University of Memphis FedEx Institute of Technology, Suite 335, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
Santosh Kumar, Center of Excellence for Mobile Sensor Data-to-Knowledge (MD2K), The University of Memphis FedEx Institute of Technology, Suite 335, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
Kenzie L. Preston, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Massoud Vahabzadeh, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Dikla Shmueli-Blumberg, Emmes Corporation, 401 N Washington, Suite 700, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
Julia Collins, Emmes Corporation, 401 N Washington, Suite 700, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
Jennifer McCormack, Emmes Corporation, 401 N Washington, Suite 700, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
Udi E. Ghitza, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Rm 3105, MSC 9557, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Abstract

Cocaine use in clinical trials is often measured via self-report, which can be inaccurate, or urine drug screens, which can be intrusive and burdensome. Devices that can automatically detect cocaine use and can be worn conveniently in daily life may provide several benefits. AutoSense is a wearable, physiological-monitoring suite that can detect cocaine use, but it may be limited as a method for monitoring cocaine use because it requires wearing a chestband with electrodes. This paper describes the design, rationale, and methodology of a project that seeks to build upon and extend previous work in the development of methods to detect cocaine use via wearable, unobtrusive mobile sensor technologies. To this end, a wrist-worn sensor suite (i.e., MotionSense HRV) will be developed and evaluated. Participants who use cocaine (N = 25) will be asked to wear MotionSense HRV and AutoSense for two weeks during waking hours. Drug use will be assessed via thrice-weekly urine drug screens and self-reports, and will be used to isolate periods of cocaine use that will be differentiated from other drug use. The present study will provide information on the feasibility and acceptability of using a wrist-worn device to detect cocaine use.

Publication Title

Contemporary clinical trials communications

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